DONNER,
H. História
de Israel e dos Povos Vizinhos I-II. 4. ed. Traduzido do alemão por Claudio
Molz e Hans A. Trein. São Leopoldo/Petrópolis: Sinodal/Vozes, [1997] 2006, 535
p.
Apresenta-se, em 2 volumes, a história do Israel bíblico
situado no contexto da história dos povos vizinhos do Oriente Antigo. O vol. 1
vai dos primórdios, no 2º milênio, até a formação do Estado com o reinado
de Salomão. O vol. 2 abrange da época da divisão em dois reinos até
Alexandre Magno. O último capítulo estuda o judaísmo palestinense no período
helenístico-romano.
ECHEGARAY,
J. G. O
Crescente Fértil e a Bíblia. Traduzido do espanhol por Jaime A.
Clasen. Petrópolis: Vozes, 1995, 278 p.
Um livro que expõe o meio ambiente geográfico e
histórico-cultural dos personagens e fatos que aparecem na Bíblia.
Este livro reúne o trabalho de cinco exegetas do grupo "Biblistas Mineiros" que pesquisaram acerca da História de Israel contada nos textos bíblicos e recuperada igualmente através da arqueologia e de documentos extra-bíblicos. São reflexões que incluem a possibilidade de se ler a História de Israel sob outros enfoques e de se falar não de História, mas de Histórias de Israel. O livro sugere ainda o repensar da historiografia sobre o assunto e retoma a história bíblica de Israel pelo viés da profecia e faz uma releitura desta história em forma de oração nos Salmos. Os autores: Jacir de Freitas Faria, Romi Auth,
Airton José da Silva, Johan Konings e Jaldemir Vitório.
Usando modelos e conclusões da sociologia
e da antropologia, Gottwald, em estudo hoje considerado clássico, formulou
modelos alternativos para o tribalismo israelita, visto como um todo
estrutural-funcional. O autor chegou a um modelo do primitivo Israel como um
movimento de retribalização que conseguiu autonomia dentro da sociedade
cananéia. O livro de Gottwald, The
Tribes of Yahweh, foi relançado, em segunda edição, em 1999, pela
editora Sheffield, Reino Unido.
Os movimentos judaicos de resistência contra os gregos e
contra os romanos tiveram interpretações divergentes por parte dos
especialistas. Kippenberg avança ao
interpretar, neste rigoroso estudo, a antiga literatura judaica em relação aos
conceitos e métodos da etnologia ou antropologia social. Utilizando a
etnologia, ele tenta reconstruir o tipo de ordem social da Judéia antiga,
comparando-o com o de outras sociedades do Antigo Oriente Médio. Um resumo
deste livro pode ser lido no Observatório Bíblico,
aqui.
Este trabalho apresenta uma breve história de Israel desde o
Êxodo até a segunda guerra judaica (135 d.C.). Preocupado apenas com os grupos
humanos que se instalaram na Palestina, o autor mostra Israel, durante todo o
livro, como um projeto de reação camponesa que luta para sobreviver e para
criar estruturas sociais e políticas mais justas.
Atti del Convegno Internazionale tenuto a Roma il 6-7-marzo 2003 organizzato da Mario Liverani e concluso da Giovanni Garbini. Gli importanti contributi di Finkelstein, Dever, Ska, Soggin, Lemche, Na'aman, Davies, Garbini,
Thompson, sono tutti in inglese.
Distributori mondiali: Bardi
Editore, Roma.
The first book-length treatment of the most important, and controversial, inscription found in Israel in recent years. The
inscription contains a possible mention of the name "David'"and is thought by many scholars to verify the existence of this king. It contains a full account of the discovery, epigraphic analysis, palaeographical analysis, possible arrangement of the three fragments discovered, textual analysis and historical commentary. It is more thorough in each of these treatments than any preceding discussion, and reviews all of the major theories about the inscription, with a well-considered
conclusion.
Norman Gottwald's monumental The Tribes of Yahweh caused an immediate sensation when first published in 1979, and its influence has continued to be felt, both in the area of biblical politics and in the application of sociological methods to the Hebrew Bible. This book, following the reprint, with a new preface, by Sheffield Academic
Press [1999], reflects on the impact and the implications of the work after twenty years. The distinguished contributors are David Jobling, Frank Frick, Charles Carter, Carol Meyers, Jacques Berlinerblau, Itumeleng Mosala, Gerald West, Roland Boer and, in a response to contributors as well as an interview with the editor, Norman Gottwald himself.
This is a book about
history,
though it is not another ‘History of Israel’. P. R. Davies focuses on biblical scholarship to ask why
it has been taken for granted that ‘ancient Israel’ is an accessible
historical entity, and to examine some of the hermeneutical practices of
biblical historians which arise from, and subsequently protect, this assumption.
‘Ancient Israel’ is a scholarly construct, the result
of taking a literary construct, the biblical narrative, and making it the object
of historical investigation. This scholarly construct is
contradictory,
imaginative and ideologic. See also: The
Origin of Biblical Israel (2005)
Die Biblische Enzyklopädie will das von der neueren und neuesten Forschung bereitgestellte Wissen über die Bibel auswerten und geschichtlich und systematisch
geordnet wiedergeben. In der Aufeinanderfolge der historischen und der literaturgeschichtlichen Epochen, von den Anfängen der biblischen Überlieferung bis zum
Vorliegen der hebräischen und der christlichen Bibel, sollen Zugänge zu den heutigen bibelwissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen eröffnet werden.
Die Fülle der Texte und Themen ist auf zwölf Epochen aufgeteilt: Band 1:
Niels Peter Lemche, Die Vorgeschichte Israels. Von den Anfängen bis zum Ausgang des 13. Jahrhunderts
v.Chr. Band 2: Volkmar Fritz, Die Entstehung Israels im 12. und 11. Jahrhundert v.Chr.
Band 3: Walter Dietrich, Die frühe Königszeit in Israel. 10. Jahrhundert v.Chr.
Band 4: Manfred Oeming, Die Königreiche Israel und Juda im 9. Jahrhundert v.Chr.
Band 5: Antoon Schoors, Die Königreiche Israel und Juda im 8. und 7. Jahrhundert
v.Chr. Die assyrische Krise. Band 6: Christof Hardmeier, Das Königreich Juda im 7. und 6. Jahrhundert v.Chr.
Band 7: Rainer Albertz, Die Exilszeit. 6. Jahrhundert v.Chr. Band 8:
Erhard S. Gerstenberger, Israel in der Perserzeit. 5. und 4. Jahrhundert v.Chr.
Band 9: Ernst Haag, Das hellenistische Zeitalter. 4. - 1. Jahrhundert v.Chr.
Band 10: Wolfgang Stegemann, Jesus und seine Zeit. Band 11: ...., Paulus und seine Zeit.
Band 12: Ekkehard W. Stegemann, Die Anfänge der Kirche.
The SBL signed a contract with Kohlhammer Verlag to publish
English translations of all the volumes in Kohlhammer's Biblische
Enzyklopädie series. The SBL has already translated volume 7: Rainer Albertz,
Israel in Exile: The History and Literature of the Sixth Century B.C.E.,
SBL, 2003.
Two leading scholars, an archaeologist and a historian,
combine an exhilarating tour of the field of biblical archaeology with a
fascinating explanation of how and why the Bible's historical saga
differs so dramatically from the archaeological finds. They explain what
the Bible says about ancient Israel and show how it diverges sharply from
archaeological reality. They then offer a dramatic new version of the
history of ancient Israel, bringing archaeological evidence to bear on the
question of when, where, and why the Bible was first written.
In David and Solomon, Israel Finkelstein and Neil Asher Silberman, leading archaeologists and authors who have done a great deal to uncover and understand the breathtaking findings of their field, focus on the first two great kings of the Bible as a lens through which we can see the evolution of the entire biblical era.
David and Solomon offers a guide to a thousand years of ancient civilization and the evolution of a tradition of kingly leadership that held sway throughout the West for much of our history.
GARBINI,
G. Myth and History in the Bible.
London: T & T Clark, 2006, 160 p. ISBN 0567040143. Em italiano: Mito e storia nella Bibbia.
Paideia: Brescia, 2003, 216 p.
The Old Testament, and biblical scholarship itself, distinguishes between mythical and historical. This book argues that only historical thing in the Bible is the Bible itself, a superb product of Jewish thought. What is narrated in the Bible is only myth. But this myth about Israel's past was still built with fragments of history, or rather with written traditions that were different from those expressed in the actual text, and obviously more ancient. These essays follow in the spirit of his controversial
History and Ideology in Ancient Israel, which combine detailed philological reseaerch, a wide knowledge of ancient Near Eastern literature and Biblical Archaeology
- and a radical way of understanding what the biblical text is really telling us.
This is an erudite and thought-provoking book, which should not be ignored by anyone who finds the origin of the Bible a fascinating and still largely unknown phenomenon.
This book was published in 1997, as the result of the
1st European Seminar on Historical Methodology, a meeting holds by selected
scholars in Dublin in July 1996. All papers addressed in some fashion or other
the two following questions: Can a ‘History of Israel’ be written and if so,
how? What place does the text of the Old Testament/Hebrew Bible have in the
matter?
This book was published in 1998, as the result of the Second
European Seminar on Historical Methodology, a meeting holds by
selected scholars in Lausanne in July 1997. Was there an 'Exile'? And if
so, how did it fit into the pattern of population deportations that
characterized the imperial strategies of the ancient Near East? In a
methodological discussion of this issue, the contributors cover a range of
topics, from ancient politics to modern ideology. In probing the meaning
and implication of 'Exile' they also reflect a spectrum of opinions
and conclusions.
Is the Bible a Hellenistic book? The essays in this
volume respond to that challenging question, formulated by Niels Peter
Lemche, and offer everything from qualified agreement to vociferous
opposition. In so doing, they debate and illuminate the many features of
Jewish writing in the Second Temple period, including not only the
scriptures themselves and their own history, but the non-canonized
literature of the late Second-Temple period.
GRABBE,
L. L. (ed.) Good Kings and Bad Kings. London: T
& T Clark, 2005, x +371 p. - ISBN 0826469760.
According to the Bible, among the last kings of the kingdom of Judah was one of the most notorious kings- Manasseh -and one of the most righteous - Josiah. Are the accounts of their contrasting reigns anything more than the ideological creations of pious writers and editors? Does this juxtaposition of a 'good king' and a 'bad king' provide good historical information or only theological wishful thinking? In this volume the on-going discussions in the
European Seminar on Methodology in Israel's History have tackled the history of Judah in the seventh century BCE, with a focus on the reign of Josiah. Some essays survey the history and archaeology of Judah from Sennacherib to Nebuchadnezzar. Several examine the reign of Manasseh and address the question of whether it is ripe for re-evaluation. Others ask what we know of the reign of Josiah and, especially, what form his famous cult reform took or even whether it was historical. As always, the editor gives an introduction to the topic, with summaries of the contributions, plus a concluding summary of and personal perspective on the discussion. Contributors include such internationally known scholars as Rainer Albertz, Philip Davies, Axel Knauf, Nadav Na'aman, Marvin Sweeney, and Christoph Uehlinger.
Reviews by John Engle and Eckart
Otto: Review
of Biblical Literature(April 4, 2006).
In the first of four volumes on
A History of the Jews and Judaism in the Second Temple Period, Lester Grabbe presents a comprehensive history of
Yehud - the Aramaic name for Judah - during the Persian Period. Among the many crucial questions he addresses are: What are the sources for this period and how do we evaluate them? And how do we make them 'speak' to us through the fog of centuries? This first volume,
Yehud: A History of the Persian Province of Judah offers the most up to date and comprehensive examination of the political and administrative structures; the society and economy; the religion, temple and cult; the developments in thought and literature; and the major political events of Judah at the time.
In this volume the European Seminar on Historical Methodology uses the period of the 9th and 8th centuries as a field for investigating the question of writing a history of Israel. This period provides a striking example in which the biblical text can be compared with other written and arti-factual sources. Contributors explore a variety of aspects of the history of the period of Omri and Ahab and the following Jehu dynasty. As a volume it provides a comprehensive picture of the sources, the historical problems, and the areas of major debate. Participants discuss such topics as the dating of prophetic texts, the house of Ahab in Chronicles, the Tel Dan inscription, the Mesha inscription, the Jezebel tradition, the archaeology of Iron IIB, the relationship between the biblical text and contemporary sources, and the nature of the Omride state.
An introductory chapter summarizes the individual papers and also the relevant section of Mario Liverani’s recent history of the period. A concluding `Reflections on the Debate’ summarizes the issues raised in the papers and provides a perspective on the discussion.
A number of 'histories of Israel' have been written over the past few decades yet the basic methodological questions are not always addressed: how do we write such a history and how can we know anything about the history of Israel? The purpose of this study is to provide a collection and analysis of the materials necessary for writing such a history.
The Context of Scripture illuminatingly presents the multi-faceted world of ancient writing that forms the colorful background to the literature of the Hebrew Bible. Designed as a thorough and durable reference work for all engaged in the study of the Bible and the ancient Near East, and involving approximately 90 of the world's outstanding scholars in the field, it provides reliable access to a broad, balanced and representative collection of Ancient Near Eastern texts that have some bearing on the interpretation of the Bible. Translations of recently discovered texts are included, alongside new translations of better-known texts and in some cases the best existing translations of such texts. The substantial three-volume work, with its specially designed page layout and large format, features full cross-referencing to comparable Bible passages, and new, up-to-date bibliographical annotations with judicious commentary. Its many distinct advantages over other collections will ensure the place of
The Context of Scripture as a standard reference work for the 21st
century.
Because Ancient Israel means so much to us and because we actually know so little for sure,
this dictionary is particularly important. It examines the usual sources in the Old Testament and
surveys the findings of more recent archaeological research to help us determine just what
happened and when, a far from simple task. It includes entries on most of the persons, places,
and events which are generally considered, and shows more broadly what the Kingdoms of
Israel and Judah were like and what role they played in the ancient world, but it also defines
them as closely as possible according to the latest data. While the results may differ from
traditional views, they are essential correctives.
Niels Peter Lemche focuses on the way Israelites understood themselves at
different points in history--before, within, and after the monarchy. He
discusses references to the people and their leaders in other ancient Near
Eastern texts and examines the Israelites' self-understanding and behavior as a
distinct people through their history.
This volume is the outcome of an international conference held at Tel Aviv University, May 29-31, 2001. The idea for the conference germinated at the fifth
Transeuphratene colloquy in Paris in March 2000. The Tel Aviv conference was organized in order to encourage investigation into the obscure five or six decades preceding the Persian conquests in the latter part of the 6th century. The essays here are organized in 5 parts: (1) The Myth of the Empty Land Revisited; (2) Cult, Priesthood, and Temple; (3) Military and Governmental Aspects; (4) Archaeological Perspectives on the 6th Century B.C.E.; and (5) Exiles and Foreigners in Egypt and Babylonia. Contributors: H. M. Barstad, B. Oded, L. S. Fried, S. Japhet, J. Blenkinsopp, G. N. Knoppers, Y. Amit, D. Edelman, Y. Hoffman, R. H. Sack, D. Vanderhooft, J. W. Betlyon, A. Lemaire, C. E. Carter, O. Lipschits, A. Zertal, J. R. Zorn, B. Porten, and R. Zadok. Review by Bob
Becking, published 6/6/2004, and by John Kessler, RBL, published
5/22/2004. Review by John C. Endres: CBQ 67, n. 1 , January 2005, p. 177-179.
In July 2003, a conference was held at the University of Heidelberg, Germany, focusing on the people and land of Judah during the 5th and early 4th centuries B.C.E.— the period when the Persian Empire held sway over the entire ancient Near East. This volume publishes the papers of the participants in the working group that attended the Heidelberg conference. Participants whose contributions appear here include: Y. Amit, B. Becking, J. Berquist, J. Blenkinsopp, M. Dandamayev, D. Edelman, T. Eskenazi, A. Fantalkin and O. Tal, L. Fried, L. Grabbe, S. Japhet, J. Kessler, E. A. Knauf, G. Knoppers, R. Kratz, A. Lemaire, O. Lipschits, H. Liss, M. Oeming, L. Pearce, F. Polak, B. Porten and A. Yardeni, E. Stern, D. Ussishkin, D. Vanderhooft, and J. Wright.
The conference was the second of three meetings;
the first, held at Tel Aviv in May 2001, was published as
Judah and the Judeans in the Neo-Babylonian Period by Eisenbrauns in 2003.
A third conference focusing on Judah and the Judeans in the Hellenistic era was held in the summer of 2005, at Münster, Germany, and
published by Eisenbrauns as Judah and the Judeans in the Fourth Century B.C.E.
in 2007. Review by Erhard Gerstenberger, RBL, published 10/15/2006. Review by Richard J. Bautch: CBQ 69, n. 3, July 2007, p. 621-624.
During the past decade, the period from the 7th century B.C.E. and later has been a major focus because it is thought to be the era when much of the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament was formed. As a result, there has also been much interest in the historical developments of that time and specifically in the status of Judah and its neighbors.
Three conferences dealing roughly with a century each were organized, and
the first conference was held in Tel Aviv in 2001; the proceedings of that conference were published as
Judah and the Judeans in the Neo-Babylonian Period.
The second volume was published in early 2006, a report on the conference held in Heidelberg in July 2003:
Judah and the Judeans in the Persian Period.
Judah and the Judeans in the Fourth Century B.C.E. is the publication of the proceedings of
the third of these conferences, which was held in
Münster, Germany, in August 2005; the essays in it focus on the century during which the Persian Empire fell to Alexander the Great and the Hellenistic kingdoms came to the fore. Participants whose contributions are published here are: R. Achenbach, R. Albertz, B. Becking, E. Ben Zvi, J. Blenkinsopp, E. Eshel, H. Eshel, L. L. Grabbe, A. Kloner, G. N. Knoppers, I. Kottsieper, A. Lemaire, O. Lipschits, Y. Magen, K. Schmid, I. Stern., O. Tal, D. Vanderhooft, J. Wiesehöfer,
and J. W. Wright.
Partendo dalla constatazione che il racconto biblico è frutto di una elaborazione molto tardiva,
Mario Liverani riporta i materiali testuali all’epoca della loro redazione, ricostruisce l’evoluzione delle ideologie politiche e religiose in progressione di tempo, inserisce saldamente la storia d’Israele nel suo contesto antico-orientale. Emergono così la ‘storia normale’ dei due piccoli regni di Giuda e d’Israele, analoga a quella di tanti altri piccoli regni locali, e la ‘storia inventata’, che gli esuli giudei costruirono durante e dopo l’esilio in Babilonia, proiettando indietro sulla loro storia i problemi e le speranze del loro tempo.
One of Italy's foremost experts on antiquity addresses a new issue surrounding the birth of Israel and its historic reality. Many a tale has been told of ancient Israel, but all tales are alike in their quotation of the biblical story in its narrative scheme, despite its historic unreliability. This book completely rewrites the history of Israel through the evaluation of textual and literary critiques as well as archaeological and epigraphic findings. Conceived along the lines of modern historical methodology, it traces the textual material to the times of its creation, reconstructs the temporal evolution of political and religious ideologies, and firmly inserts the history of Israel into its ancient-oriental context.
This collection assembles 32 articles from 1963 to 1999,
reflecting a wide range of perspectives on the controverted topic of Israelite
history writing. The volume will prove useful for courses or seminars on
historiography, Old Testament/Hebrew Bible historiography and historical studies,
and as a resource for those interested in the current state of the question.
Philosophy and Practice in Writing a History of Ancient Israel elucidates and examines assumptions about history writing that current historians of ancient Israel and Judah employ. It is undertaken in the context of the conflict between so-called “minimalists” and “maximalists” within the discipline today. Though the use of the Bible as evidence is the focal point of the opposition of these two approaches, Megan Moore shows that a number of related philosophical and practical concerns are telescoped in this issue, including concepts of Empiricism, Objectivity, Representation and Language, Subject, Explanation, Truth, and Evidence Evaluation and Use. Organized around these topics, Philosophy and Practice aims to situate the study of ancient Israel and Judah in the broader intellectual context of academic history in general and to provide insight into the formative assumptions of the current debate. This dissertation, written under the supervision of John Hayes from Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, is a serious contribution to the debate on how, and whether at all, to write a history of ancient Israel.
Review by Ernst Axel
Knauf, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, RBL, published 9/1/2007.
This book represents the fruit of a long process of study and
reflection, a powerful but subtle synthesis, by one of the most eminent scholars
of Second-Temple Judaism. Far from a conventional narrative history, it is
organized around themes and seeks to uncover the essence of Hebraic/Jewish
religious thinking while confronting the phenomenon of its division into several
'parties' and traditions. Drawing also on recent studies of Christianity as a 'Judaism',
Sacchi provides a stimulating perspective on the nature of ancient Oriental and
Occidental thought and the intellectual and spiritual heritage of European
civilization.
The proceedings of an international conference of historians, archaeologists and biblical scholars, who met in Amman to discuss new perspectives on the history of ancient Jerusalem and its relationship to biblical tradition on October 12-14, 2001.
Contributors include: Thomas L Thompson, Michael Prior, Niels Peter Lemche, Margreet
Steiner, Sara Mandell, John Strange, Lester Grabbe, Philip Davies, Thomas M
Bolin, Ingrid Hjelm, David Gunn, and Keith Whitelam.
combine an exhilarating tour of the field of biblical archaeology with a
fascinating explanation of how and why the Bible's historical saga
differs so dramatically from the archaeological finds. They explain what
the Bible says about ancient Israel and show how it diverges sharply from
archaeological reality. They then offer a dramatic new version of the
history of ancient Israel, bringing archaeological evidence to bear on the
question of when, where, and why the Bible was first written.